加国头条 i4cc.ca ｜多伦多城市发展之公交路线和401高速发展历史老照片！

生于仲景故里，工作于帝都，志向于家乡的老历史与老建筑有所贡献，志向于老北京胡同和四合院研究，曾梦想能够混迹于历史建筑研究的行伍里，曾梦想考取历史建筑方面的博士，因与工作专业不甚默契遂作罢，后考取专业方面博士肄业，后移民加国，定居多伦多，心未宽、体已胖亦。爱好历史，喜欢研究，爱琢磨，喜欢从历史人物里发现你我当初依稀的存在，从老照片里看明天的发展！沧海桑田，物是人非，感慨颇多，遂拾起当年梦想，研究历史，研究建筑与人的和谐关系，找回本性，静心知觉，以期有益于他人。

------闫明 2019.05.06

越来越多的人士考虑来多伦多购买房产，主要原因有：多伦多房价更合理，上涨势头更明显；多伦多作为北美第四大城市，大多伦多现在有700万人口，每年有4万加拿大年轻人涌入多伦多找工作，每年有10-13万新移民登陆多伦多，多伦多人口以后会增加到1000万；加拿大排名前十的大学这里占了一半；多伦多的工作机会更多；多伦多更加国际化.....诸多利好将会进一步促使更多的人士来多伦多购买房产，亦或是为子女上学考虑；亦或是资产全球配置的一部分，都是非常不错的选择。

我们将会围绕多伦多城市的发展撰写一系列文章来阐述多伦多的前世今生，今天我们从从多伦多公交路线的变迁和401高速的发展历史来探究多伦多过去几十年的发展变化。该系列文章里的多伦多泛指大多伦多地区，不单单仅限于多伦多市。

特别注明：此系列文章为闫明原创，未经允许禁止转载或抄袭。

关于多伦多的发展历史，在此，我们简单附上几张地图以及大概解说。

详细内容请点击本公众号在2018年3月份的这篇文章TTC地铁西延长线开通特刊: 1848-2017的多伦多（地图版）。

这张是1909年的多伦多，当时的市中心刚刚起步。多伦多大学已经初现雏形！

1912 年的多伦多的TTC（Toronto Transit Commission已经有了自己的公交路线图，但是公交线路还是很少）。

1939年的多伦多，Lawrence才露尖尖角。

1949年的多伦多，西边比东边好。Bathurst在401南侧有大量的工薪阶族在此居住和生活，形成了今天那边的格局。

1958年的多伦多，York Mills Ave和Sheppard Ave已经出现了，Eglinton东延和Kingston Rd连接，成为当时最北贯穿起来的线路。这个时候，401已经修建完毕。多伦多进入了快速发展期。

1963年的多伦多，Finch开始修建，多伦多的市界Steels开始出现在地图中。是年，安大略省运输厅宣布将介乎伊斯灵顿大道（Islington Avenue）和万锦道（Markham Road）的一段401号公路从来回四线行车拓宽至最少12线，并引入长短途行车线分隔系统。这个时期多伦多进入了蓬勃发展期，这与二战后人口增长密切相关。

1978年的多伦多，已经初步具备现代大都市的雏形，并且和康山（Thornhill）、旺市（Vaughan）、以及万锦（Markham）初步衔接起来。

多伦多的城市发展轴（1901-2003年），从中可以明显看到多伦多向东西两侧，向北侧的逐步推进，而且这种趋势还将会加速进行。上图中蓝色代表1946-1960年修建的建筑，绿色部分为1976-2003年修建的建筑。

401高速的历史变迁

安大略401号省道（英语：Ontario Highway 401），正式名称为国王401号公路（King~q~s Highway 401），是加拿大安大略省一条东西向400系列高速公路，全长828.0公里，西起温莎市，横贯安大略省南部至魁北克省边界为东端，并连接魁北克20号高速公路前往蒙特利尔，此两条公路构成魁北克市-温莎走廊的主要骨干。途经多伦多市的一段401号省道是世上最繁忙及最宽阔的公路之一，最阔的一段有22条来回行车线，亦是安大略省经济的大动脉。

此公路全线名为麦克唐纳-卡迪亚公路（Macdonald-Cartier Freeway），而介乎多伦多和特伦顿的路段则在2007年额外冠以英雄公路（Highway of Heroes）之称，以纪念在阿富汗战争中殉职的加拿大军人。2015年在温莎市开通的西延路段则冠为赫布·格雷园林公路（Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway）。

Original 1930s plan for the new dual highway through Oshawa.

Aerial view of Hwy 401 at Weston Road in 1953, facing southwest.

Aerial view of the Hwy 401 & Hwy 11A (Avenue Road) Cloverleaf in Toronto, facing east. Photo taken on October 1, 1953.

Hwy 401 at Woodbine Avenue (Don Valley Parkway) in Toronto, facing east. Photo taken on November 19, 1956.

Aerial view of Hwy 401 in 1956 facing west from the Lansing Cutoff Interchange (today~q~s Port Union Road) in Scarborough.

Hwy 401 at the Woodbine Avenue Interchange (now Don Valley Parkway & Hwy 404), facing northwest (June, 1961)

Aerial view of the Hwy 48 (Markham Road) Cloverleaf on Hwy 401 in Scarborough, facing east (June, 1961)

Looking east along Hwy 401 towards the Woodstock Service Centres from the Foldens Line overpass (Now Interchange #222) in the early 1960s

Aerial view of Hwy 401 in Toronto after widening, showing the new three-level Hwy 400 Interchange and "The Basketweave" (1966)

Aerial photo of the Hwy 401 and Spadina Expressway (Allen Road) Interchange, facing east (October, 1967)

Facing west along Hwy 401 from the Weston Road Overpass in 1968. This photo shows the newly-expanded section of Hwy 401 at the Humber River, with the Express-Collector Lane configuration. The Hwy 401 expansion was completed and opened to traffic from the Hwy 400 Interchange to Kipling Avenue on December 20, 1967. Photo taken in October, 1968.

Hwy 401 facing east towards Leslie Street and Don Mills Road (1968).

Facing north along Kennedy Road towards the new underpass at Hwy 401 in 1971. When the Toronto Bypass (Hwy 401) was first built in the mid-1950s, Kennedy Road passed over Hwy 401 at a full cloverleaf interchange. During reconstruction and widening of Hwy 401 in 1969-1970, the original 1956 Kennedy Road Interchange was completely rebuilt. The interchange was reconfigured into a more conventional "Parclo A-4" ramp configuration and Kennedy Road was rebuilt so that is passed under Hwy 401. Note the internally-illuminated "No Left Turn" signs mounted to the traffic signal mast arms at the Kennedy Road off-ramp from Hwy 401. Internally illuminated black-and-white regulatory signs used to be fairly common at urban signalized intersections in Ontario, but were gradually phased out by the 1990s. Today, regulatory signs mounted to traffic signal installations are non-illuminated reflective metal signs. Photo taken on November 3, 1971.

Work crew putting on the finishing touches on the expanded Hwy 401 near the Kennedy Road Interchange in Toronto. The widening of Hwy 401 from 4 to 12 lanes was completed between Warden Avenue and Midland Avenue in late 1971. Photo taken on November 3, 1971.

Hwy 401 at dusk, facing west towards the Basketweave from the Keele Street Interchange in Toronto in 1972.

Aerial view of the Hwy 8 Interchange on Hwy 401 between Kitchener and Cambridge in 1974.

Aerial view of the Hwy 25 Interchange on Hwy 401 in Milton in 1974.

Aerial view of Hwy 401 at Etobicoke Creek, between the Dixie Road and Renforth Drive Interchange in 1974.

Sheppard Avenue Extension Overpass (today~q~s Port Union Road) on Hwy 401 in Toronto. In 1971-1972, the original 1947 interchange at the Lansing Cut-Off (today~q~s Port Union Road) and the adjacent Hwy 2A & Kingston Road Interchange were both replaced by a new consolidated interchange with improved geometry. The replacement of the 1940s and 1950s-era interchanges coincided with the widening of Hwy 401 from 4 to 6 lanes approaching the Rouge River. The new Sheppard Avenue Extension Overpass was designed to allow for the future construction of an Express-Collector Lane System on Hwy 401 below the structure. The eastern extension of the Hwy 401 Express-Collector System into Durham Region took place in the mid-1990s. Photo taken on October 10, 1975.

Widening Hwy 401 at Harwood Avenue in Ajax in 1977, facing west. Photo taken on October, 1977.

Facing east along Hwy 401 towards Toronto from the future Hwy 410 Interchange in Mississauga in 1977. Note the adjacent Hwy 403 Interchange in the background, which was also under construction at the time. Photo taken on November 30, 1977.

Winter view of Hwy 401 in Toronto, facing east towards Leslie Street. Photo taken in February, 1978.

Advance notification sign on Hwy 401 for the beginning of the Express-Collector Lanes near Hwy 427. Photo taken in 1978.

A newly-widened section of Hwy 401 west of Lakeridge Road between Whitby and Ajax, facing east. This was one of several projects carried out in the 1970s to widen Hwy 401 from 4 to 6 lanes between the Rouge River and Oshawa. See an Enlarged Photo Here. Photo taken on June 20, 1978.

Aerial view of Hwy 409 between Hwy 401 and the Kipling Avenue Interchange in Toronto (April 20, 1979)

Facing west along Hwy 401 towards Milton from Derry Road in Mississauga in 1979. This location marked the end of the first Hwy 401 widening contract west of Hwy 10 (Hurontario Street). Between 1977 and 1982, there were several widening contracts which took place along Hwy 401 between the Hwy 10 Interchange in Mississauga and the Hwy 25 Interchange in Milton. The start of the second widening contract, from Derry Road to Trafalgar Road, can be seen in the background of this photo. As part of these widening projects, a new concrete median barrier was constructed and the highway was widened from 4 to 6 lanes. The New Jersey median barrier made its debut in Ontario during the first Hwy 401 widening contract in 1977. This new concrete barrier type can be seen in the foreground. The New Jersey median barrier was utilized on many other freeway sections in Ontario during the 1970s and 1980s, effectively eliminating the need for higher-maintenance steel beam guide rail median types that were used on older Ontario freeways. Photo taken in July, 1979.

Facing west from the Weston Road Overpass towards the Humber River Bridge on the Eastbound Hwy 401 Collector Lanes in Toronto (1981)

Facing west along Hwy 401 from Etobicoke Creek near Toronto International Airport in 1981, before the construction of the Express-Collector Lane System west of Hwy 427. Note the graded right-of-way on the left side of the highway, which is for the future Eastbound Hwy 401 Collector Lanes. Construction of the Eastbound Collector Lanes began in this area in late 1982 and was completed in 1985. Photo taken on October 29, 1981.