经济学人: 技术移民逃离美国 奔向加拿大 (1)

What would induce a software developer to quit a good job in Silicon Valley and trade California~q~s sunshine for Toronto~q~s wintry skies?For Vikram Rangnekar, born in India and educated in America,the triggers were the restrictions placed on immigrant tech workers holding an H-1B visa (starting companies or taking long holidays is discouraged)and what looked like a 20-year wait to get the green card he needed in order to settle down.

什么可以吸引一名软件开发者放弃硅谷的好工作，用加利福尼亚的阳光换得多伦多的冷冬？对于维克拉姆·兰格奈克这样在印度出生，在美国上学的人来说，触动他的是针对持有H-1B签证（开公司或放长假是不允许的）的技术移民的限制，以及为了在美国定居，需要等上20年时间才能拿到绿卡。

Rising anti-immigrant sentiment under President Donald Trump~q~s administration did not help. Two years later he thinks he made the right choice."I didn~q~t want to spend the best years of my life on a restrictive visa."

唐纳德·特朗普总统政府不断高涨的反移民情绪起不到帮助作用。两年后他认为他做出了正确选择。“我不希望将自己最好的年华浪费在一个限制签证上。”

People like Mr Rangnekar are part of an exodus of tech workers from Silicon Valley.Pushed out by the cost of living as well as by a less welcoming American government,they are being pulled in by countries such as Canada, where tech vacancies are forecast to reach 200,000 by 2020.Canada is gambling that by the time America wakes up to the cost of discouraging immigrants its tech sector will have secured some of the best talent.The starting-point is pretty promising.

有大批技术工作人员从硅谷离去，像兰格奈克这样的人只是其中一部分。受生活成本以及不那么受欢迎的美国政府的排挤，他们被加拿大等国家吸引，截止至2020年，这些国家的技术职位空缺预计将达到20万。加拿大在赌，到美国从失望移民的损失中清醒时，加拿大的技术部门将已经争取到了一些最优秀的人才。这个出发点有望成功。

Toronto already has expertise in artificial intelligence (AI) and an array of promising firms such as Wattpad, a storytelling platform with 65m readers.The city added more tech jobs in 2017 than the San Francisco Bay area, Seattle and Washington, DC, combined.Ottawa is home to Shopify, a publicly traded e-commerce platform valued at C$19bn ($14bn).Montreal, another AI hotbed, has Element AI, a co-founded by Yoshua Bengio, a specialist in deep learning—and newish labs opened by Facebook and Samsung.

多伦多已经有人工智能方面的专门技术以及大批有前景的公司，如Wattpad，一家拥有6500万读者的讲故事平台。在2017年，这座城市新增技术职位的数量比旧金山湾、西雅图以及华盛顿特区加起来都多。渥太华是Shopify的总部所在地，这是一家从事电子贸易的上市公司，市值190亿加元（140亿美元）。蒙特利尔是另一片AI温床，这里有研究实验室Element AI，深度学历领域专家Yoshua Bengio是其联合创始人—以及脸书和三星创办的新型实验室。

Yet Canada is in the third tier of destinations globally, says a study on venture-capital investment,"The Rise of the Global Start-Up City", co-authored by Richard Florida, an urbanologist.

但加拿大排在全球目的地的第三层，风险资本投资研究《The Rise of the Global Start-Up Cit》如是说，都市学家理查德·佛罗里达是该研究的联合作者。

To move up, the government has tweaked both its permanent and temporary immigrant programmes.Applicants for permanent residence get extra points for tech skills. Temporary visa holders are told their spouses will be allowed to work.

为了向上移动，政府调整了其永久和临时移民方案。拥有技术技能的永久居住申请者可获得额外分数。临时签证的持有者被告知，他们的配偶可以来此工作。

1.trade for 以...换得

trade money for power

钱权交易

2.restriction限制

The Boston-based nonprofit is also eliminating its age restriction

波士顿的非营利组织也取消了年龄限制。来源于《WSJ》

3.settle down 定居

Then we settle down to discuss the village

然后我们安顿下来讨论这个村子。来源于《WSJ》

They were nomads who had just begun to settle down

他们是刚开始定居的游牧民族。来源于《NEWYORKER》

4.an array of 大量

Was this about rivalries among an array of opposition fighters?

这是一群反对派战士之间的竞争吗？来源于《BBC》

The disagreement covers an array of issues

分歧涉及一系列问题。来源于《WSJ》